Critical minerals are specific raw materials essential to the economic well-being of a specific country or region and for which a secure and reliable supply is crucial. These minerals are used in a wide range of industries, including electronics, defense, and renewable energy. The increasing demand for critical minerals, coupled with their limited global supply and potential geopolitical implications, has led to significant research efforts focused on identifying new sources, developing more efficient extraction and processing techniques, and promoting sustainable and responsible mining practices. Research in this area aims to address the challenges of securing a stable supply of critical minerals to support economic growth and technological innovation.